我国水资源的农业开发潜力评价及对策

The Evaluation of the Development Potential of Agricultural Land and Water Resources in China and Countermeasures

本文利用GIS空间分析方法计算了我国西北地区的宜农荒地资源、旱作农田、灌溉农田、降水量、地表径流的地区分布和空间对应关系,利用农户调查数据对几种主要灌溉方式的节水效果和节水经济效益进行了评价,进一步利用有关数据对研究区的旱作地膜覆盖增产潜力、节水扩灌潜力、地下水开发潜力和地表水开发潜力进行了核算和评价。应当遵循农业可持续发展的原则,切实加强对水资源和土地资源的监测和管理;正确处理水资源开发与保护之间的关系,缓解各地区之间、各产业之间、流域上下游之间、农业生产与生态之间的用水矛盾;并且因地制宜地提出了推广旱作地膜覆盖,建立村级合作社推广高效节水灌溉,鼓励通过节水扩大灌溉面积,适度开发地下水和地表水资源等对策建议。

By using GIS spatial analysis method,the paper calculated the regional distribution and spatial relationships between unexploited agricultural land resources,rain-fed farmland,irrigated farmland,precipitation,surface runoff in Inner Mongolia and Northwestern China. By using household survey data,the paper evaluated the water saving effects and economic efficiency of several major irrigation methods. Furthermore,by employing relevant data,the study area's agricultural development potential of plastic mulching on rain-fed farmland,irrigation expansion potential by water-saving irrigation,groundwater pumping potential and surface water's exploiting potential are calculated and evaluated.