发达国家乡村治理的典型模式与经验借鉴

Typical Patterns and Experience of Rural Governance in Developed Countries

本文从多中心治理理论的视角出发对发达国家乡村治理的八种典型模式进行概括分析,发达国家乡村治理的成功经验为:政府提供法律支持和资金保障,农民协会改善村民的弱势地位,城市、企业和高等院校推动乡村的发展与繁荣,村民尤其是乡村精英加快农村改革的进程以及农村金融机构承担着乡村可持续发展的重担。结合我国乡村治理的发展历程、主要特点和国外乡村治理成功的经验,当前我国需要构建的是一种"有限政府、农民主体、依托农协、全社会参与"的多中心的乡村治理模式,具体包括确立有限政府的原则,提高村民的主体地位,充分发挥农协作用,调动城市、高等院校、企业与金融机构等乡村治理主体的积极性共同致力于农村现代化建设。

This paper uses the perspective of Multi-center Governance Theory to analyze eight typical models of rural governance in developed countries and summarize the successful experience of the foreign rural governance included legal and financial support provided by government,Farmers' associations improving the weak position of the villagers,Cities,enterprises and institutions of higher learning promoting the development and prosperity of rural areas,The villagers,especially the rural elites speed up the process of rural reform and Rural financial institution bears the burden of the sustainable development of rural areas. According to the development history of China's rural governance and the successful experience of rural governance in Developed Countries,our state needs to construct a multi-center rural governance which means 'Limited government,farmers' main body,farmer association and whole society participation',we should establish the principle of limited government,improve the main status of the villagers,fully use the Farmer Association,mobilize the enthusiasm of the main body of rural governance,such as city,school,enterprise to realize rural modernization construction.