利益集团与民国时期“废两改元”货币制度的改革

Interest Groups and Reform of Monetary System Abolishing Silver Currency and Unifying Silver Dollars in the Republic of China

"废两改元"是南京国民政府推行的一项重要货币制度改革,废除了银两货币制度,统一了银元货币的铸造发行权,结束了近代中国货币种类繁多、杂乱不堪的乱象。对近代货币制度、经济生活和金融体系产生了深远影响。这次货币制度改革不同程度牵动了近代金融领域中钱庄业利益集团、新式银行业利益集团和外商银行利益集团的根本利益。本文试图从利益集团的视角研究民国"废两改元"货币制度改革从推行到实施的过程,分析三大利益集团对货币制度改革的影响。

Abolishing silver currency and unifying silver dollars is an important reform of monetary sys- tem carried out by Nanjing National Government. By unifying the coining and the right of issuing currency, the monetary system reform ended the messed up situation of a wide variety of currencies and had a long-lasting impact on modern monetary system, economic life and financial system. The reform of monetary system affected the interests of modern private banking industry, new banking industry and foreign banking industry. The article attempts to investigate the process of the reform from its launch to actualization from the perspective of interest groups so as to analyze the influence of the three main interest groups on the reform.