父母本行比及氮肥施用量对杂交小麦制种产量及其构成因素的影响

Effect of Different Row Ratios between Male and Female Parents and Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Hybrid Wheat Seed Production and Its Component Factors

[目的]筛选适宜的小麦杂交种高产制种技术。[方法]采用裂区试验设计，研究父母本不同的行比和不同的氮肥施用量对杂交小麦制种产量及其构成因素的影响。[结果]制种产量随着母本行数的增加而增加，父母本行比为2∶6时制种产量为3683，8 kg／hm2；氮肥施用量为450 kg／hm2时制种产量为3649，4 kg／hm2；父母本行比与氮肥施用量的互作效应表明，父母本行比为2∶6、氮肥施用量为300 kg／hm2时产量为最高，达4160，6 kg／hm2。父母本行比和氮肥施用量对产量构成因素等性状的影响主要表现在对穗粒数、穗重和结实率有显著的影响，当父母本行比为2∶5时穗粒数、穗重和结实率最高，分别为26，7粒、1，12 g和62，6％；当氮肥施用量为450 kg／hm2时穗粒数、穗重和结实率最高，分别为26，0粒、1，08 g和59，2％；父母本行比与氮肥施用量的互作效应表明其对穗粒数、穗重和结实率均有显著的影响，当父母本行比为2∶5、氮肥施用量为300 kg／hm2时穗粒数、穗重和结实率最高，分别为29，6粒、1，24 g和71，6％。[结论]穗粒数是影响制种产量最大的构成因素，提高穗粒数就能提高制种产量。综合父母本行比和氮肥施用量对制种产量及其构成因素等性状的影响来看，该试验条件下，以父母本行比为2∶5-2∶6、氮肥施用量为300-450 kg／hm2的处理为最佳。

[Objective] To screen a high-yielding seed production technique suitable for different hybrids wheat genotypes.[Method] Effect of different row ratios between male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors were researched by using split plot design method.[Result] Production of hybrid seeds increased as female parent rows rose, the＆#183; yield of producing seed was 3 683.5 kg/hm2 at 2∶6 row ratio;yield of producing seed was 3 649.4 kg/hm2 at the nitrogen applica-tion of 450 kg/hm2; the highest yield of seed production was up to 4 160.6 kg/hm2 in the combination of the male and female partent row ratio of 2∶6 with the nitrogen application of 300 kg/hm2 .There were significant effects of row-ratio of male and female parent and the application a-mount of nitrogen fertilizer to yield components on the grain number, grain weight and seed setting.The grain number per spike, spike weight and seed setting were the highest （26.7 grains, 1.12 g and 62.6%） at the parent row ratio of 2∶5;the grain number per spike, spike weight and seed setting were the highest （26.0 grains, 1.08 g and 59.2%） at nitrogen fertilizer application of 450 kg/hm2 .Row-ratio of male and female and application amount of nitrogenous fertilizer showed that the grain number per spike , spike weight and seed setting percentage had a significant impact;when the row-ratio of male and female parent was 2∶5 and the nitrogen application was 300 kg/hm2;and grain number per spike, spike weight and seed setting percentage were the highest, which were 29.6 grains, 1.24 g and 71.6%, respectively.[Conclusion] Grain number per spike id the largest components factor to influence the yield of producing seed , increasing the number of grains can improve yield of hybrid seed production.Combining row-ratio of male and female with application amount of nitrogenous fertilizer affects the yield of producing seed, its components etc.The best treatment of this experiment is the parent row-ratio of 2∶5 -2∶6 with nitrogenous fertilizer appli-cation of 300 kg/hm2 .