两种杂交黄颡鱼的生长与形态差异分析

Comparison of growth and morphology between two kinds of hybrid yellow catfish

为评估两种杂交黄颡鱼生长和形态差异，以黄颡鱼早与乌苏里拟鳞♂、黄颡鱼♀与瓦氏黄颡鱼♂的杂交后代为实验组，全雄黄颡鱼群体为对照组，进行同塘生长对比和形态学测量试验。结果显示，在3个杂交后代群体中，黄颡鱼早与瓦氏黄颡鱼♂的杂交后代在5月龄和8月龄的体质量均显著大于其他两个杂交后代（P〈0．05），分别为（15．72±7．19）g和（78．09±25．37）g，并且绝对增重率也高于其他两个杂交后代，分别为0．23g／d和0．70g／d。对形态特征参数进行单因子方差分析，计算差异系数，其值为0．01-0．65，表明3个杂交后代群体的形态学差异处于种群间水平；主成分分析构建了4个主成分，其贡献率分别为28．52％、17．57％、11．83％、11．29％，累计贡献率为69．23％；同时，利用第一、第二主成分得分绘制散点图，显示黄颡鱼♀与瓦氏黄颡鱼古的杂交后代群体和全雄黄颡鱼群体基本重叠，而黄颡鱼早与乌苏里拟鳞♂的杂交后代群体偏离了全雄黄颡鱼群体，这一结果在聚类分析中更直观反映出来。由此可见，黄颡鱼早与瓦氏黄颡鱼♂的杂交后代群体生长速度表现最优，且体形更接近黄颡鱼。

The two experimental groups,including FYHX （Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pseudobagrus ussuriensis ♂ ） and EYHX （Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂ ）,and one control group,being all-male yellow catfish, were cultured in same pond to compare their growth difference. Meanwhile, we cultured severally the three groups in different ponds to measure their shapes to analyze their morphological variance. The results of growth experiment showed that at five and eight months old,the average body mass of EYHX was separately （15.72±7.19）g and （78.09 ± 25.37 ）g, both observably higher than other two groups at the 0.05 probability level,and the absolute rate of body mass gain was separately 0.23 and 0.70 g/d,also higher than other two groups. One-way ANOVA for the morphological characters was analyzed, and coefficients of difference were calculated,with the values laying from 0.01 to 0.65,which indicated that the morphological difference of three groups was below the population level. The contribution ratios of four principal components from principal component analysis were 28.52%, 17.57%, 11.83%, 11.29% ,respectively,and the cumulative contribution ratio was 69.23%. In the same time, the scatter diagram was drawn according to the scores from the first and second components,which showed that the scope of all-male yellow catfish group was covered over EYHX group, and deviated from FYHX group. This result was more intuitively reflected in the clustering analysis. Thus,EYHX group grew faster than other two groups, and its shape was closer to yellow catfish.