美国中小企业创新创业立法演进特征及启示

Evolution Characteristics and Enlightenment of SMEs Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laws in the U.S.

结合美国中小企业的不同发展阶段,分析1882年至今美国出台的支持中小企业创新创业的法律。归纳美国中小企业创新创业立法的演进特征为:二战之前,以反垄断为立法重点鼓励中小企业发展;20世纪50年代—80年代初期,立法重点为保护中小企业创业发展;20世纪80年代中期至今,立法重心转向激励中小企业创新发展。最后,得出相关中小企业创新创业法律建设的启示。

Combined with the different development stages of SMEs in the United States, the paper analyzed the innovation and entrepreneurship laws for SMEs since 1882 and summed up the evolution characteristics. Before the Second World War,the focus of legislation was anti-monopoly in order to encourage the development of SMEs. From 1950 s to the early 1980 s,the legislation focused on protecting the entrepreneurship development of SMEs. From the mid 1980 s to now, the focus of legislation was encouraging innovative development of SMEs. Finally, the enlightenment of legislation construction for SMEs innovation and entrepreneurship is put forward.