一株石油降解赤红球菌(Rhodococcus rubber)特性及处理含油废水研究

Characterization and application of an oil-degrading Rhodococcus rubber for oily wastewater treatment

从石油污染土壤筛选出一株高效石油降解菌JC-106,经细菌形态学、生理生化及16S r DNA序列分析鉴定为赤红球菌(Rhodococcus rubber).在温度15~40℃、初始p H 6~8、盐度0~4%条件下培养生长良好.该菌能利用十二烷、二十四烷、正辛烷、邻苯二酚、蒽、萘为唯一碳源生长.在较低温度下能有效降解原油,在15和35℃培养15 d对原油降解率分别为41.61%和58.18%,GC-MS分析发现原油组分中正构烷烃(C14~C44)降解率达到96.13%.在含1000 mg·L^(-1)原油的人工废水中加入2%(V/V)赤红球菌JC-106菌悬液,采用SBR间歇式活性污泥法处理含油废水,15 d后出水COD、NH_4+-N、TP平均去除率分别为96.49%、96.88%、99.15%,原油去除率为92.43%,对照组原油去除率仅为53.80%.JC-106在含油废水中稳定生长,数量维持在4.8×1010~1.0×1011cfu·mL^(-1)左右.

An oil-degrading bacterium JC-106 was isolated from the oil contaminated soil. The strain was preliminarily identified as Rhodococcus rubber by morphological,physiological biochemical characteristics and 16 S r DNA sequence analysis. The strain JC-106 grew well under the conditions of temperature ranging from 15 to 40 ℃,the initial p H ranging from 6 to 8 and the salinity ranging from 0 to 4%. It grew well in broth containing different organic substrates as sole carbon source,such as dodecane,tetracosane,n-octane,catechol,anthracene and naphthalene. The strain could efficiently degrade crude oil at low temperature. The degradation rates for crude oil were 41.61% and 58.18% when it was cultured in minimal medium with crude oil as sole carbon source at 15 and 35 oC for 15 days. Most of the n-alkanes（ C_（14）~ C_（44）） in crude oil were degraded and the total degradation rate reached up to 96.13% by GC-MS analysis. In the case of oily wastewater treatment by Rhodococcus rubber JC-106 using sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process,the average removal rates of COD,NH_4~＋-N,TP were respectively measured to be 96.49%、96.88% and 99.15% by adding of 2%（ V / V） of Rhodococcus rubber JC-106 cell solution to the artificial wastewater containing 1000 mg·L^（-1） of crude oil for 15 days. The oil removal rate was measured to be as high as92.43% in the experimental group containing the oil-degrading bacterium JC-106,compared to 53.80% in the control group. The bacterium grew well in oily wastewater with a titer of 4.8×10^（10）~ 1.0×10^（11）cfu·m L^（-1）.