龙爪槐叶和茎中挥发油的GC-MS分析及活性研究

Analysis of essential oils from leaves and stems of Sophora japonica by GC-MS and the study of their activities

目的分析龙爪槐叶和茎挥发油中的化学成分,并考察挥发油的活性。方法采用超临界CO_2萃取龙爪槐叶和茎的挥发油,并用GC-MS法分析其化学成分;考察挥发油的体外抗菌及抗氧化活性。结果从龙爪槐叶的挥发油中鉴定了49个化合物,主要有棕榈酸(7.86%)、亚油酸(5.80%)、4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚(5.32%)、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚(5.20%)、Z-3-己烯-1-醇(5.11%)、叶绿醇(4.77%)和大马士酮(4.47%);从茎的挥发油中鉴定了31个化合物,主要有正己醇(5.92%)、3-烯丙基-6-甲氧基苯酚(4.63%)和3-甲基丁醛(4.12%)。叶挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用较强,其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.062、0.031 mg·m L^(-1),同时对DPPH自由基、亚硝酸盐、ABTS、超氧阴离子也有较强的清除作用。结论龙爪槐叶的挥发油具有较强的抗菌、抗氧化活性,具开发利用价值。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the chemical constituents of essential oils from leaves and stems of Sophora japonica var. pendula and to investigate their activities. METHODS The volatile oils in the leaves and stems of S. japonica were extracted by supercritieal CO2 extraction, separated and identified by GC - MS, and inspected for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in vitro. RESULTS Forty - nine components were identified from the volatile oil of the leaves,in which main constituents were n - hexa- decanoic acid （7.86%）, Z, Z - 9,12 - octadecadienoic acid （5.80%）, 4 - ethyl - 2 - methoxy - phenol （5.32%）, 4 - ethyl - 2 - methoxy- phenol （5.20%）,Z-3 -hexen- 1 -ol（5.11%）,phytol（4.77%）,and E- 1 - （2,6,6 -trimethyl- 1,3 - cyclohexadien- 1 -yl） -2- buten- 1 -one （4.47%）. Thirty- one components were identified from the volatile oil of the stems, in which main constituents were 1 - hexanol （ 5.92% ） ,3 - allyl - 6 - methoxyphenol （ 4.63 % ）, and 3 - methyl - butanal （ 4.12 % ）. The volatile oil of the leaves showed strong inhibiting activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the MIC concentration of 0.062 mg·mL^-1 and 0.031 mg·mL^-1. Besides, it also exhibited good scavenging activity against DPPH, NO2- radical, ABTS radical, and superoxide anion radical. CONCLUSION The volatile oil in the leaves has high antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, so that it can be further developed.