秦岭丹江流域底栖动物生态学初步研究

Ecology of zoobenthos in Danjiang River basin in Qinling

【目的】了解秦岭丹江流域底栖动物的群落结构特征和多样性规律,为水域生态学研究提供基础资料,也为南水北调中线工程重要水源区生态环境评估提供科学依据。【方法】于2014年春季在秦岭丹江流域,选取6个样区16个样点,采集样品,调查底栖动物群落结构和分布特征。【结果】鉴定出底栖动物18种,隶属3门4纲14科,其中水生昆虫类最多,分属10科13种,占总数72.2%;软体动物3种;寡毛类2种。四节蜉属(Baetis)动物的出现频率最高,达68.8%。春季丹江流域底栖动物的优势种为卵萝卜螺(R.ovata)、四节蜉(Baetis)、摇蚊幼虫(Chironomid larvae)、克拉伯水丝蚓(Limnodrilus ciaparedianus),食底泥者是秦岭丹江流域底栖动物主要的功能摄食类群,共有8种。丹江流域底栖动物平均密度为50头/m2,单因素方差(ANOVA)分析表明,底栖动物Shannon-Weiner、Pielou、Simpson指数在不同样点之间差异不显著。【结论】秦岭丹江流域底栖动物群落结构相对稳定但分布不均,反映出水域生态环境优劣差异。建议应加大对秦岭丹江流域生态系统的治理,控制污水排放量,构建一个和谐稳定的丹江流域生态系统。

【Objective】This study investigated the community structure characteristics and diversity of zoobenthos in Qinling Danjiang River basin to provide basic data for research of water ecology.【Method】In the spring of 2014,the community structure and distribution of zoobenthos in Qinling Danjiang River basin were investigated based on samples from 16 sampling points in 6sampling areas.【Result】A total of 18 kinds of animals,belonging to 3phyla,14 families and 4classes,were found.Aquatic insects had the largest number.They belonged to 10 families and 13 species,and accounted for 72.2% of the total number.There were three kinds of mollusks,2of which were oligochaeta animals.Baetis（68.8%）was the most frequent.In spring,the dominant species were R.ovata,Baetis,Chironomid larvae,and Limnodrilus ciaparedianus.The deposit feeder numerically dominated with a total of 8species.The average density was 50ind/m^2,and ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference between Shannon-Weiner,Pielou,and Simpson indexes.【Conclusion】The community structure of the zoobenthos was relatively stable,but uneven,which reflectd the difference in ecological environment.Increasing ecosystem management and controllingwastewater are suggested to provide stable ecosystem in Danjiang River basin.