“S在NpVP”句式中“在”的语义分析——基于韩语处所格标记的对比视角

A Study on the Meaning of “Zai” in the Modern Chinese 'S zai Np VP' Construction——Based on the comparative perspective of Korean Locative Mark

现代汉语中有些"S在NpVP"句式具有歧义,表示两种不同的意义。原因在于"在"的不同含义以及"在Np"跟主语和VP之间的不同关系。其中一类"在Np"跟主语关系密切,表示主语S所处的位置并且表示VP发生的处所;另一类"在Np"跟VP关系密切,引出VP的处所论元,表示VP所实现的位置。我们以"在1Np"和"在2Np"区分这两类"在Np"。"在1Np"由于跟VP的关系不密切,不能变换成"把"字句;"在2Np"由于跟VP关系密切,可以成为"把"字句中动词后面的结果性成分,能变换成相应的"把"字句。另外,"S把OV在Np"中的"在"具有结果性存在义,因此不能跟结果性存在义"在Np"搭配的动词也不能用在相应的"把"字句中。

There are some ＇S zai Np VP＇ sentences are ambiguous in Modern Chinese, they represent two different meanings. We consider that the reason of the ambiguity in ＇S zai Np VP＇ construction is the different meanings of zai and ＇zai Np＇ with different relationship between subject and VP. One of the ＇zai Np＇ is closely related to the subject, represents the position of the subject and also indicates where the VP has happened; Another type of ＇zai Np＇ is closely related to VP, extracts the local argument of VP, it indicates the location of the VP implementation. We use ＇zai1 Np＇ and ＇zai2 Np＇ to distinguish between these two classes. ＇zai1 Np＇ because of the relationship with VP is not close, cannot be changed into the ＂ba＂ construction; Due to the close relationship with VP, ＇zai2 Np＇ could be the result of the verb in the sentence, therefore it can be transformed into corresponding BA construction. In addition, zai in the ＇S BA O V zai Np＇ construction has the meaning of resultative existence, therefore verbs that cannot be matched with the meaning of resultative existence cannot be used in the corresponding BA sentence.