中美大学生性健康教育模式及其对艾滋病歧视态度分析

Sexual health education model and its influence on attitudes towards HIV/AIDS between Chinese and American undergraduates

目的比较中美大学生的艾滋病歧视态度和健康教育模式,为提高中国大学生的健康教育成效提供有益的启发。方法 2014—2015年分别在中国和美国高校采用偶遇抽样法,对400名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果中、美大学生艾滋病歧视态度得分差异有统计学意义,中国大学生的得分（2.8±2.2）高于美国大学生（2.0±2.6）（t=10.8,P=0.001）;女生的得分（2.7±2.5）高于男生（2.1±2.5）（t=4.7,P=0.031）;美国大学生通过父母、学校、恋人和朋友来了解预防艾滋病知识的比例较中国大学生多（χ^2值分别为88.9,38.0,21.7,54.2,P值均〈0.01）;在学校性健康教育模式上,美国大学生选择课堂教学的比例高于中国大学生,中国大学生选择大学讲座的高于美国大学生（χ^2值分别为65.7,23.9,P值均〈0.01）。回归分析显示,社区开放程度和父母、电视等大众媒体、医院等其他获取艾滋病知识途径对艾滋歧视态度的影响均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。结论中国大学生对待艾滋病歧视态度高于美国。我国需要加强多教育主体的性健康教育模式。

Objective This study aims to perform a comparison of sexual health education model and its possible impacts on attitude toward HIV / AIDS between Chinese and American undergraduates. Methods Two hundred and ten students from one university in China and USA were selected. All the 400 undergraduates were investigated with self-administered questionnaire. Results Students in China were more likely to have discriminatory attitudes toward HIV / AIDS than in USA（ P = 0.001）, especially among Chinese female students. Students in USA were more likely to acquire knowledge about HIV prevention from parents,schools, lovers, and friends（ P〈0.01）. Regarding sexual health education, class-based teaching and lectures was the main form of sexual health education for students in USA and China, respectively. Regression analysis showed significant influences of community, family, and mass media on discrimination towards HIV / AIDS. Conclusion Chinese students are more likely to have discriminatory attitudes towards HIV / AIDS than in USA.Conceptual agent-based framework modeling for should be introduced to guide effective sexual health education in China.