黔东南州农村高年级小学生食品安全认知与行为现状

Awareness and practice of food safety among students in rural primary schools in Qiandongnan Prefecture

目的了解黔东南州农村小学生的食品安全认知与行为现状,为农村小学食品安全教育和宣传工作提供依据。方法按照分层整群随机抽样法,抽取黔东南州27所农村小学的四~六年级（每个年级抽取12-20名）共1 291名小学生进行食品安全认知与行为现状问卷调查。结果 37.2%的学生知道＂QS＂标志,36.7%的学生根据＂QS＂购买食品,22.9%的学生发现过期食品不会向商品经营者要求退货,37.2%的学生认为吃了没有煮（炒）熟的四季豆不会中毒,49.9%的学生认为自己食品安全意识很强。知道＂QS＂标志的学生比例,乡镇学校（39.7%）高于农村学校（28.4%）,六年级学生（44.4%）高于四年级学生（31.9%）和五年级学生（34.3%）,差异均有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为12.90,19.25,P值均〈0.01）。根据＂QS＂标志购买食品的学生比例乡镇学校（38.6%）高于农村学校（30.1%）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=11.36,P〈0.01）。结论黔东南州农村小学生的食品安全认知与行为现状不容乐观。农村小学应深化食品安全教育,加强对学生食品安全的检查,防止食品安全事故的发生。

Objective To approach current status of food safety awareness and behavior among students from rural schools,in an attempt to provide evidence for food safety education in rural elementary schools. Methods By stratified cluster random sampling, 1 291 4th-6th grade students from 27 rural primary schools in Qiandongnan Prefecture（ 12-20） were recruited in a questionnaire survey on food safety. Results About 37.2% of the students were aware of the ＂QS＂ sign; 36.7% would only buy food with the ＂QS＂ sign; 22.9% would not return the expired food product to the distributor; 37.2% were not aware of dangerous undercooked beans; and 49.9% reported high awareness of food safety. Awareness and behavior of food safety were better in students from townlevel primary schools than in those from village-level primary schools（ P〈0.05）; students of 4th grade had highest awareness of food safety（ 44.4%）, but had less than optimal levels of safe food handling practices. Female students had better food safety perception and behavior than male students（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion These results strengthen the need for continuous educational programs to improve food safety awareness and practice of rural students in Qiandongnan Prefecture.