天津市2005—2015年学校肺结核流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological features of pulmonary tuberculosis in school of Tianjin during 2005-2015

目的了解2005—2015年天津市学校肺结核疫情流行特征,为制定相应防控对策提供依据。方法收集结核病管理信息系统中天津市2005—2015年登记的学校肺结核患者,用SPSS 16.0对数据进行统计学分析。结果 2005—2015年天津市共报告学校肺结核患者3 340例,占全人口报告肺结核患者的8.92%（3 340/37 447）;涂阳肺结核患者865例,占所有报告肺结核患者的2.31%。学校肺结核发病主要集中在第二季度（32.49%）,其次为第四季度（26.74%）;学生肺结核患者中男、女性别比为1.46∶1;发病人群以大学及以上学生肺结核所占比例最高,占学生肺结核患者总数的61.29%（50.49%-77.42%）。学校肺结核患者中就诊延误患者1 420例,就诊延误率为42.51%。男性、涂阴患者及就读于高校的患者更容易出现就诊延误情况（χ-2值分别为8.21,202.63,9.08,P值均〈0.05）。结论天津市2005—2015年学校肺结核登记人数呈下降趋势,但是学校肺结核占全人口肺结核的比例仍高于全国平均水平。

Objective To have a comprehensive understanding of the school pulmonary tuberculosis epidemic in Tianjin,and to provide evidence for the countermeasures of tuberculosis prevention and control. Methods The data of registered school tuberculosis patients in TB management information system during 2005-2015 were collected and analyzed with SPSS16.0. Results A total of 3 340 school tuberculosis cases were reported in Tianjin during 2005-2015, accounted for 8.92%（ 3 340 / 37 447） of the whole population tuberculosis patients reported. Tuberculosis mainly concentrated in the second quarter（ 32. 49%）, following the fourth quarter（ 26.74%）, the sex ratio of students with pulmonary tuberculosis was 1.46： 1, and college students and above accounted for the highest proportion（ 61.29%）. The doctor delay rate was 42.51%（ 1 420 / 3 340）. Male, smear negative patients and college students are more likely to delay. Conclusion Although the registered number of Tianjin school tuberculosis during 2005-2015 is on the decline, the proportion of school tuberculosis accounted for the whole population tuberculosis is still higher than the average of the nation.