中外大学机构身份话语建构比较研究

Comparative Studies of the Discursive Construction of the Institutional Identities of Chinese and Western Universities

本文旨在审视国内外机构身份话语建构研究的理论及方法以形成适用于高校机构身份话语建构模式的比较研究框架。这个框架由宏观、中观和微观分析对接批评话语分析的语篇-历史分析法的相关语境层面;通过引入高等教育理论视角,形成了中观分析的三个核心维度,解决了微观和宏观分析之间的有效连接,更有利于探索中外高校机构身份的话语建构模式。此项探索还对三所中、英、美大学进行先导研究,初步概括了北京大学、牛津大学和芝加哥大学在建构世界一流大学身份的话语策略方面的共性与特点,为后续开展大学身份建构的微观话语策略以及宏观建构模式的比较研究奠定了理论及实践基础。此项研究对拓展机构话语研究范围具有理论及实践价值,对于当前我国高校建构与"世界一流大学"同步的话语体系亦具有重要启示。

This paper reports the results of a preliminary study attempting to design a research framework for the comparative studies of the discursive construction of institutional identities of Chinese and Western Universities, based on a review of the theories and research practice in this field of study, followed by a small scale study piloting the analytical framework. It is found that the macro, sub-macro and micro analysis of the framework has been able to connect the dimensions of ＂context＂ as suggested in the Discourse-Historical Approach of critical discourse analysis. With the introduction of a sub-macro dimension, the framework is able to integrate the analysis with reference to theoretical perspectives from higher education research, realizing the connectivity between micro and macro analysis which could lead to the discovery of the patterns of discursive construction strategies of university identities. The pilot study has also revealed preliminarily the commonalities and the unique features of the institutional identities of the universities under study, i.e., Peking University, Oxford University and Chicago University. The results of this study tend to contribute to a full scale comparison of the institutional identities of top Chinese, British and American universities, with a further aim to provide implications for the construction of Chinese higher education discourse compatible with that of the ＂world class universities＂.