关于先秦墓葬中所出非墓主青铜礼器问题——以晋侯墓地为例

Questions Related to Pre-Qin Tombs' Bronze Ritual Vessels That Were Not Created by the Owners of the Tombs:A Case Study of the Cemetery of the Marquis of Jin

以晋侯墓地出土青铜器为例,探讨先秦墓葬中随葬的非墓主生前所作青铜礼器的来源属性可知:祭祀性青铜礼器有墓主承继先人之作者,有同宗族平辈兄弟之作者,而不会有其后代之器。其他非本国或本族人之器则主要应来自于战争掳获,而出于赏赐馈赠或贡献者只是少数且限于非宗庙祭祀之器。

After an examination of the bronze ritual vessels excavated from the cemetery of the Marquis of Jin, we can see the sources of the bronze ritual vessels that were not the works of the person entombed. These ritual bronze vessels could be the works of the ancestors of the person entombed, or the works of his brothers in his clan, but never the works of his future generations. The works that did not belong to the nation or the clan of the person entombed were mainly trophies taken from wars. Cases in which the vessels were awarded or dedicated to the person entombed were very few, and if there were exceptions, they were limited to vessels that would not be used in ancestral worship.