全球科学精英覆盖地图及动态特征——基于SCI论文的计量分析

The Geography and International Mobility of High-Level Scientific Talent

科学精英跨国流动已成为全球化的一个重要特征,聚焦科学研究领域,从SCI论文产出的角度出发,以全球高被引科学家和战略性新兴产业前沿科学家为研究对象,基于高被引科学家数据库、Web of Science科学引文数据库和Scopus数据库,统计分析这些具有世界影响力的科学家的地理分布和跨国流动情况成为研究的热点。研究发现,这些科学精英大量集中在少数几个发达国家,在全球科学精英正以不同形式向美国集聚或流动的同时,有相当数量的高被引科学家开始流向发展中国家和新兴经济体国家,但基本上是短期流入。最后基于有效地发挥政府和市场2种引进和配置全球科技人才资源的机制,提出从加强海外精英的供需对接、完善集聚海外精英的机制建设以及营造海外精英创新的环境氛围等方面入手,促使全球科学精英向我国集聚和流动。

The international mobility of high-level scientific talent has become an important feature of globalization. This paper analyzes geographical distribution and international mobility of highly cited scientists based on highly cited scientists databases, Web of Science database and Scopus databases from the perspective of SCI pa- per. The result suggest that a large number of high-level scientific talent concentrated in a few countries especial- ly the United States. At the same time, there are significant numbers of highly cited scientists start flowing to developing countries and emerging economies. Finally, based on the effective role of the government and market, this study put forward three discussion opinions to attract high-level scientific talent.