新兴产业创业企业家的胜任力结构解析——基于跨案例分析法

The Competence Constitution of Entrepreneurs in Emerging Industries

中国新兴技术的产业化面临达尔文之海,亟需企业家发掘创业机会、整合创新资源,进而推动新兴技术的变革和商业化。基于胜任力理论,构建了新兴产业创业企业家胜任力的分析框架;进而借助跨案例研究方法,比较了马云、马化腾和李彦宏三位企业家的胜任力结构特征,探究了新兴产业创业企业家胜任力构成的共性和异质性特征,进而探讨了创业企业家胜任力结构与创业模式选择的内在关系。研究表明:(1)新兴产业创业企业家的胜任力主要由元胜任力、认知胜任力、个人胜任力、职能胜任力、价值观构成,且企业家胜任力结构具有异质性。(2)新兴产业企业家胜任力结构的差异不仅会影响企业家创业机会的发掘,而且会影响企业家创业资源的整合利用,从而影响企业家创业模式的选择。(3)能够准确判断市场发展趋势,善于捕捉市场机会,并能高效整合市场资源的企业家倾向于选择商业模式变革导向的创业模式;而具有技术研发先验知识,善于捕捉技术创业机会,并且热衷推动技术变革和转化的企业家通常会选择技术范式变革导向的创业模式。

The industrialization of China＇s emerging technologies is faced with the ＇Sea of Darwin＇, which urgently requires entrepreneurs to unearth entrepreneurial opportunities and integrate innovation resources to promote the re- form and commercialization of such technologies. Based on the competency theory, this paper establishes the ana- lytical framework for the competency of entrepreneurs in emerging industries, makes use of the cross-case study method to compare the architectural features of competency of the three entrepreneurs Jack Ma, Pony Ma, and Robin Li, probes into the general and heterogeneous characteristics of competency composition among entrepre- neurs in emerging industries, and then discusses the internal relationship between entrepreneurs＇ competency archi- tecture and their entrepreneurial mode selection. Research findings are as follows： （1） The competencies of entrepreneurs in emerging industries are mainly composed of meta-competency, cognitive competency, personal competency, functional competency, and values, and the competency architecture of entrepreneurs is heterogeneous. （2） The difference in the competency architecture of entrepreneurs in emerging industries not only prevents entrepreneurs from exploring entrepreneurial opportunities, but also hinders entrepreneurs＇ integrated use of entrepreneurial resources, thus affecting their selection of the entrepreneurial mode. （3） Entrepreneurs who are capable of accurate- ly judging market trends, good at seizing market opportunities and able to efficiently integrate market resources prefer to select the entrepreneurial mode oriented by business mode reform, while those who have priori knowledge of technology research and development, are good at catching technology entrepreneurship opportunities and keen on promoting technological change and transformation usually select the entrepreneurial mode oriented by technological paradigm