上海市居民对乙型肝炎病毒感染认知、社会偏见和歧视行为调查

Awareness,prejudice and discrimination towards HBV infection in general population in Shanghai

目的探讨上海市居民对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染认知、社会偏见和歧视行为及其影响因素。方法对2014年上海市8个区县分层随机抽取4 760名社区居民进行问卷调查,采用多因素非条件logistic回归对可能导致社会偏见和歧视行为的影响因素进行分析。结果调查对象的文化程度以高中(含专科)学历为主,平均年龄为(45.87±22.30)岁,获得肝炎防治知识的主要来源为电视广播和宣传资料。调查对象对"愿意接种乙肝疫苗"和"病毒性肝炎具有传染性"等问题的阳性回答率接近80%(3 808/4 760);对"病毒性肝炎传播途径"的阳性回答率仅为15.08%(718/4 760);对HBV感染持有社会偏见的占19.43%(925/4 760);存在歧视行为的占35.63%(1 697/4 760)。多因素分析显示,年龄<60岁、熟悉肝炎防治知识、愿意接种乙肝疫苗,愿意通过网络、报刊和宣传资料等途径获得肝炎防治知识等为消除社会偏见和歧视行为的共同保护因素。结论居民对HBV感染者形成偏见和歧视源于其对肝炎防治知识的缺乏,需及时调整现阶段乙肝健康教育的内容和方式。

Objective To explore statuses of awareness, prejudice and discrimination towards hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection and their related factors among residents of Shanghai municipality. Methods A representative sample of general population （n = 4 760） was randomly recruited via multi-stage stratified sampling from 8 districts in Shanghai. Demographics,awareness,prejudice and discrimination towards HBV infection of the participants were collected with a self-designed questionnaire. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was applied to explore influencing factors of so- cial prejudice and discrimination of HBV infection. Results The majority of the participants had the education of high school or above and the mean age of the participants was 45.87 ± 22. 30 years. The information sources of knowledge about viral hepatitis control and prevention were mainly television, radio, and pamphlets. The correct answer rate for questions ＂Would do you accept hepatitis B vaccination？＂ and ＂Is viral hepatitis is contagious？＂ was about 80% （3 808/ 4 760） ,whereas the rate was only 15.08% （718/4 760） for the question on transmission routes of viral hepatitis. Of the participants,19.43% （925/4 760）and 35.63% （1 697/4 760） showed social prejudice and discriminative attitudes towards HBV infection. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that the promoting factors for eradicating social prejudice and discrimination towards I-IBV infection were aged ≤60 years,being familiar with prevention knowledge of viral hepatitis, acceptance of hepatitis B vaccination, and willingness to acquire HBV related knowledge from web, newspaper and pamphlets. Conclusion The presence of prejudice and discrimination against individuals with HBV infection is mainly due to the lack of HBV related knowledge among the residents of Shanghai, suggesting patterns and contents of health education on HBV infections should be adiusted.