西安市≤16岁人群肾综合征出血热病例特征分析

Characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients under16 years old in Xi'an municipality,2005-2014

目的了解≤16岁人群肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病例特征,指导疫苗未覆盖人群出血热防治工作。方法采用2005—2014年中国疾病预防控制信息系统中西安市≤16岁肾综合征出血热病例个案信息和相应个案调查表,采用胶体金法检测HFRS病人血清Ig M抗体,分析该人群出血热病例特征。结果西安市2005—2014年≤16岁肾综合征出血热患者共664例;其中男性占73.2%,男女性别比例为2.7∶1;患者平均年龄为12.8岁;流行大高峰期和其他时间段内病例特征无差异;97.4%患者血清进行了Ig M抗体检测,阳性率为72.7%;住院时长中位数为10 d;患者临床症状严重程度与出院情况之间存在相关(r=-0.11),症状越轻,结局转归越好。结论西安市HFRS病例在大高峰和其他时间段内表现的临床特征基本一致;胶体金法应用大幅提高HFRS病例的早期诊断水平,降低了漏诊率,从而减少病例的低血压休克发生概率。

Objective To describe the characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS）patients aged less than 16 years for the prevention of HFRS among unvaccinated populations. Methods Case records of HFRS patients under 16 years old reported between 2005 and 2014 in Xi＇an municipality were extracted from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed statistically. Colloidal gold kit was adopted to detect anti-hantavirus immunoglobulin M （IgM） among the patients at the hospital admission. Results Of the 664 HFRS cases reported during the 10-year period,65.1% were males, with a male to female ratio of 2. 6 ： 1. The average age of the reported cases was 12. 8 years. No differences in case characteristics were observed between the HFRS incidents during pandemic period and other time. Totally 97.4% of the reported cases had anti-hantavirus IgM detection and 85.4% of the cases tested were positive. The median hospitalization duration was 10 days. There was a positive correlation between the symptom severity and the outcome at hospital discharge. Conclusion The clinical characteristics of HFRS cases reported in pandemic duration was generally consistent with those occurred during other periods and the application of colloidal gold kit improved early diagnosis of the disease among the patients less than 16 years old in Xi＇an municipality.