学龄前儿童生活习惯培养情况调查

Living habits among pre-school children in Qingdao city

目的了解学龄前儿童生活习惯,为更好地促进学龄前儿童健康成长提供依据。方法在青岛市4个城区各随机整群抽取1所示范幼儿园全部在园儿童共1 111人,采用问卷方式调查。结果学龄前儿童每天看电视和电子产品时间>2 h的比例为29.35%,5.09%的幼儿看电视距离<2 m,用眼姿势不正确的占30.83%,有做眼保健操习惯的幼儿仅占10.93%;保持饭后漱口习惯和定期进行口腔检查的比例分别为59.26%和51.02%,存在吃零食习惯的比例达58.52%;挑食偏食的幼儿占43.33%,经常吃甜食的占56.48%,偏爱肉类的幼儿比例为72.41%,63.98%幼儿不能够独立安静用餐;存在啃指甲咬嘴唇行为的占25.93%,多动和注意力不集中的占31.85%。结论学龄前儿童的生活习惯仍存在问题,应该及时发现并给予科学纠正,做好学龄前儿童卫生保健的宣传教育。

Objective To examine current situation of living habits among pre-school children and to provide evidences for promoting healthy living habits among pre-school children. Methods Random cluster sampling was used to select 1 111 pre-school children aged 3 -6 years from 4 model kindergartens in urban areas of Qingdao city and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the parents of the pre-school children. Results Of the preschoolers,29.4% spent averagely more than 2 hours per day for watching television （TV） and playing with electronic products;5.1% kept less than 2 meters from the screen when watching TV;30. 8% had incorrect posture when reading or watching TV; only 10. 9% did eye exercises frequently. Among the preschoolers, 59. 3% had oral rinse after meals;51.0% had regular oral examination;58.5% were used to take snacks;43.3% had food preference or food avoidance;56. 5% had desserts frequently;and 72. 4% liked to have meat food. There were 64. 0% of the preschoolers unable to have meals quietly and independently,25.9% with behaviors of fingernail-gnawing or lip biting, and 31.9% with hyperaction or inattention. Condusion There are problems in living habits among preschool children and the condition should be concerned and intervened.