晚清民国乡村水官研究——以乌鲁木齐地区“水利”1为例

The Rural Water Officials during the Later Qing Dynasty and Republic of China in Urumqi

对晚清民国乡村水官研究,可以很好地反映社会治理状况。文章以乌鲁木齐地区为中心,就乡村社会主要的水利管理人员——"水利",在调解水利纠纷和维护社会稳定等方面发挥的作用进行探讨。鉴于这方面的史料记载较少,严重制约了对"水利"的研究。文章主要是根据2012年出版的《清代新疆档案选辑》、乌昌地区各地档案与田野调查资料,针对"水利"的产生、任期、职能与户民之间的各种矛盾等方面作研究。尽管"水利"在选举与政府监管等方面存有某些缺陷与不足,但"水利"在乡村管理中所起到的积极作用还是值得肯定的。

Officials in charge of water affairs in rural areas played an important role in maintaining local social order and mediating disputes. This paper, drawing on Collections of Xinjiang Archives in the Qing Dynasty published in 1922, archives in Urumqi and Changji and field work, studied the rural water official’s election, terms, functions,and contradictions with the locals. Although there were a variety of defects and shortcomings in the elections and government supervision, the officials played certain positive effects on maintaining social stability in the rural areas.