论民族主义与民族国家建构的内在关联——兼评吉尔·德拉诺瓦在《民族与民族主义》中的相关讨论

The Internal Relationship between Nationalism and the Nation-State Construction

民族主义与民族国家建构之间存在错综复杂的内在关联。通过对民族主义双重属性及其与民族国家建构的关系分析可以发现:民族主义是催生新的民族国家建构,或在已有国家政治架构之内对国内不同族群进行国族整合,打造统一国家民族,促使族群认同国家的重要力量;民族主义也是消解国家政治整合、瓦解国家认同、破坏国家统一和地区稳定的巨大力量。民族主义主要通过两种形式催生民族国家建构:一种是创建新的民族国家,另一种是在既有国家政治架构之内,完成国族整合,让国内不同文化族群认同统一政治国家。而这两种形式之间也存在交叉与耦合。德拉诺瓦在其代表作《民族与民族主义》中对民族主义与民族国家建构的内在关联,特别是民族主义催生民族国家建构问题进行了深刻洞察,他以"民族主义浪潮"作为切入点纵览整个民族国家建构历史,并以此为依据将民族国家建构历程划分为前后相继、彼此关联的五个阶段的主张极富启发,让人印象深刻。

A complex internal relationship exists between nationalism and the nation- state building. Nationalism is one of the important forces in building a new nation state or integrating the different ethnic groups within the existing political framework of the country to create a unified nation and to promote national identity. Conversely, nationalism dissolves a country’s political integration, crumbles national identity, and destroys national unity and regional stability. Nationalism hastens the birth of nation-states in two forms. One is to create a new nation-state, and the other is to complete the integration within the existing political framework of the country to promote the identification of the political unity among different cultural groups. There is a cross and coupling between the two forms. Gil Delannoi analyzed deeply the inherent relationship between nationalism and the nation-state birth, especially the nation-state birth driven by nationalism. He overviewed the history of the nation-state establishment with the＂wave of nationalism＂as the starting point, and divided the history into five successive and associated stages in an inspirational and impressive fashion.