试析哈萨克语的否定成分

The Negative Component in the Kazak Language

哈萨克语的否定成分包括否定语素、否定词和包含否定义素的词三类。对哈萨克语否定成分在语义和语法上表现出来的种种特点进行描写分析,可以看出其存在和变化对词法和句法产生的影响:即对动词进行否定主要靠在动词后附加否定构形语素来完成,而其否定词的语义和语境等因素要比汉语的否定词简单,其所承担的功能负荷量也相对较小。

The negative component in the Kazak language has three types： negative morphemes, negative words and the words with negative meanings. An analysis of the features of the negative component in grammar and semantics showed their effects on morphology and syntax in the Kazak language： the negation of verbs depends mainly on the negative suffix, the semantic and contextual factors of the negative words are simpler than Chinese, and their functional load is relatively smaller.