苹果园覆盖白三叶对土壤微生物和营养特性的影响

Effects of Covering White Clover in Apple Orchard on Soil Microbial and Nutritional Properties

为了解白三叶(Trrifolium repens)覆盖降解早期对苹果园土壤特性的影响,在覆盖后1个月、3个月、6个月时,利用Biolog微平板法检测土壤微生物群落的功能多样性,并测定土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量。结果表明:在白三叶覆盖的前6个月,苹果园土壤微生物代谢活性显著提高(P<0.05),微生物多样性、丰富度、优势度显著增加(P<0.05),微生物均匀度显著降低(P<0.05);覆盖1个月及6个月时,土壤中蛋白酶、蔗糖酶及碱性磷酸酶的活性均显著增加(P<0.05);白三叶覆盖显著(P<0.05)提高了果园土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮以及全磷的含量,使土壤养分状况得到了明显改善。这些结果说明白三叶覆盖可在短期内提高苹果园土壤质量状况。

To reveal the effects of covering white clover on soil properties in the early stage of degredation, white clover was cut and covered on an apple orchard. In one month, three months and six months after the covering, the soil microbial community functional diversity was measured with Biolog plate method, and the soil enzymes activities and fertility were determined. The results indicated that in the six months of covering white clover on apple orchard, soil microbial metabolism activities were significantly improved （P 〈0.05）, and the microbial shannon diversity index, richness index, and simpson index were increased （P 〈0.05）, while the uniformity index was decreased （P〈0.05）. Therefore the microbial community structure of the soil has been changed. In one month and six months, the activities of protease, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase were all increased （P〈0.05）. After white clover covering, the contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in apple orchard were significantly increased （P〈0.05）. It means the nutrient condition of soil has been remarkably improved. These results demonstrate that covering white clover on apple orchard soil can improve the soil quality conditions in the short term.