亨迪卡博弈论语义学评析

On Hintikka's Game- Theoretical Semantics

当代著名哲学家和逻辑学家雅各·亨迪卡发展了维特根斯坦的语言游戏论,系统地构建了博弈论语义学。与塔斯基语义学由内至外的赋值方向相反,博弈论语义学的赋值由外至内。它不仅适用于完全信息情形,与塔斯基语义学具有相同的真理定义功能,而且还适用于非完全信息情形,从而揭示出量词的独立性。在形式语言层面上,它可以实现一阶语言与高阶语言之间的翻译,显示出许多非经典逻辑特性;而其最大特色还在于它能够为自然语言提供更为恰当的解释,例如非标准量词、回指代词、辖域模糊现象等,具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的发展潜力。

The contemporary famous philosopher and logician Jaakko Hintikka developed Wittgenstein＇ s language -game theory, and systematically constructed the game -theoretical semantics. Contrary to Tarskian Semantics, which is from the inside to the outside of the assignment, the Game - Theoretical Semantics of the assignment is from the outside to the inside. Not only it is suitable for complete information case, and has the same function of truth definition as Tarskian Semantics, but also it applies to the incomplete information condi- tion, and reveals the independence of the quantifiers. It can realize the translation between the first order language and the higher order language, and show many non classical logic characteristics. However, its biggest characteristic lies in that it can provide more appropriate explanation for natural language, such as non standard quantifiers, pronouns as anaphora, and the domain fuzzy phenomenon. Thus, it has broad application prospects and hugely developmental potentials.