从框架语义学视角看词义暗含内容——以《等级划分》高级词汇中的动词为例

The implied meanings of words from the perspective of frame semantics

词义的暗含内容是指包含在整词词义中,却完全不能从构词语素义得出的那部分内容。暗含内容成为从语素义到词义中间的一个障碍,尤其对留学生习得词义产生了不利影响。通过对《汉语国际教育用音节汉字词汇等级划分》高级动词里具有暗含内容的例词分析,发现动词的暗含内容是由于词义框架的复杂性和语素数目的有限性之间的矛盾造成的,按内容可分为动作行为框架的主体、对象、目的、方式和其他限制等。在对留学生的汉语词汇教学时,要特别注意把动词词义放在动作行为的框架中来讲解。

The implied meaning of a word is the content which is contained in a word but can＇t be deduced by the morpheme at all. The implied meaning becomes an obstacle between the meaning of morpheme and word, and it brings a negative effect on foreign students＇ vocabulary acquisition. Based on the verbs in advanced vocabulary in The Graded Chinese Syllables, Characters and Words for the Application of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages, the article analyzed the cause and the classification of implied word meaning from the perspective of frame semantics, and emphasized the importance of teaching implied meaning.