尿碘与甲状腺疾病相关性研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between urinary iodine and thyroid disease

近年来流行病学调查研究发现,自我国实行食盐加碘后,居民碘营养水平大多处于适中,甚至过量状态。碘过量和碘缺乏可改变甲状腺形态和功能,从而导致甲状腺疾病的发生。碘摄入过低时可引起地方性甲状腺肿、地方性克汀病;而碘摄入过高时可引起结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺机能亢进、自身免疫性甲状腺炎、甲状腺癌等。目前我国居民的碘营养状态发生了变化,甲状腺疾病谱也随之改变。尿碘作为衡量人群碘营养水平的主要指标,也是评估机体碘异常的危害和防治措施效果的重要参考。因此监测尿碘水平,正确认识碘摄入量与甲状腺疾病的关系对于防治甲状腺疾病具有现实意义。

In recent years, epidemiological studies have found that since China’s implementation of salt iodization, most residents’ iodine nutrition are in moderate or even excess state. Iodine excess and iodine deifciency can change the shape and function of the thyroid gland, which can lead to thyroid disease. Low iodine intake can cause endemic goiter, cretinism; and high intake of iodine can cause goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis school, thyroid cancer, etc. At present, the iodine nutritional status in our country has changed, and the spectrum of thyroid disease has changed. Urinary iodine, as the main indicator of the level of iodine nutrition, is an important reference for the assessment of hazards and effects of prevention measures. hTerefore, monitoring of urinary iodine levels and a correct understanding of the relationship between iodine intake and thyroid disease have practical signiifcance on the prevention and treatment of thyroid diseases.