CRISPR相关的生物信息学基础

Fundamental of CRISPR System-related Bioinformatics

成簇规律间隔短回文序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)是细菌和古细菌在不断进化的过程中获得的一种适应性免疫防御机制,该结构与一些功能相关的蛋白质(CRISPR-associated,Cas)合称CRISPR-Cas系统。由于其致突变效率高、操作简单及成本较低的特点,近年来对CRISPR/Cas系统的研究获得越来越广泛的关注。该系统迅速在各领域中得到广泛应用,被认为是一种具有广阔应用前景的基因组定点改造分子工具。但是,该系统存在脱靶效应、测序数据分析等挑战。为此,许多研究者开发出各种软件解决以上问题。本文着重从生物信息学的角度出发,对CRISPR/Cas系统中sgRNA的设计软件、CRISPR全基因组筛选功能基因的测序数据分析软件以及CRISPR在生物信息学中的运用作一系统综述。

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats（ CRISPR） are an adaptive immune defense mechanism of bacteria and archaea obtained during evolution process. CRISPR and its special structure and functional associated protein（ CRISPR-associated,Cas） are called CRISPR-Cas system.Due to the high efficiency,simple operation and lower cost of CRISPR/Cas system,the study of CRISPR/Cas gets more and more attention and has been applied in various fields. It is regarded as one of the promising molecule tools with broad application in genome site-directed modification. However,the system has many problems such as off-target effects and screening analysis etc. Researchers have developed a variety of software tools to solve these problems. In this paper,we reviewed the soft tools for sgRNA CRISPR/Cas system design,the CRISPR sequencing analysis,and CRISPR in the application from the aspect of the bioinformatics.