激进政治理论的“相遇”问题——从马克思、阿尔都塞到当代生命政治理论

The Issue of Encounter in the Radical Politics Theory: Marx,Althusser and Biopolitics

激进政治理论对"相遇"问题的关注并不是要诉诸不确定性来展示其激进的维度,而是要跳出传统的叙事方式和其背后的本质主义、观念论的历史哲学,以回归社会存在的"现象"维度。马克思在博士论文中对原子"偏斜"及其"相遇"的论述包含着激进政治的理论维度,事件化的叙事是其主要内涵。阿尔都塞对"相遇"概念的关注跟后结构主义思想联系在一起,其目的在于反本质主义、反神学目的论,从而为哲学叙事提供一种新的话语体系,是理论激进化的表现。生命政治理论对"相遇"进行分析的目的仍是一种事件化的叙事,在生命政治理论看来,无论是诸众的生成、爱的政治学还是都市政治,都是在制造一种相遇——奇异性的相遇,旨在生产出新的主体性与共同性,从而对抗社会的同一性逻辑。无论是马克思对"偏斜"及其"相遇"的论述、阿尔都塞对相遇唯物主义的解读以及生命政治理论对"奇异性"相遇的关注,都意在表示对必然性、本质主义以及同一性的拒斥,体现了激进政治哲学的一般特性。激进政治理论对"相遇"问题的关注不是仅仅关注"相遇"本身,而是在与"断裂""形势""事件"等关系中论述社会存在的转变,从而开辟出一条重新理解和建构社会存在的路径;在激进政治理论看来,"相遇"还是一种构成性的政治力量,指向一种新的主体性的生产以及内在性的源泉,因此"相遇"是一种生产性的装置,是实现社会存在变革的重要途径。

By keeping away from the traditional articulation and its essentialism,radical politics focuses on the issue of'encounter',not to demonstrate its radical dimension through its uncertainty,but to go back to the 'phenomenon'of social being. From the articulation of Marx,Althusser and biopolitics theory,we can find their rejection of inevitability,essentialism and identity,which all make clear the general character of radical politics. Meanwhile,'encounter'is but a process of critique and construction,which is loyal to social being. Theory of radical politics not only discusses'encounter'itself,but also focuses on such entities as rupture,conjuncture and events. Finally,'encounter'is also a political power of constitution,leading to the production of new subjectivity and the source of immanence. So,in the perspective of radical politics theory,'encounter'is a disposition of production,'categorical imperative'of itself,and an approach to the reform of social being.