中西方三种生态自然观比较

A Comparative Study on Three Ecological Nature Views in China and Western Countries

林奈生态思想、天人合一生态思想、马克思主义生态思想都是中西方思想家关于人、自然、社会关系的理解与诠释,三种生态自然观具有明显差异:林奈的帝国式自然观把自然描述为机械式经济系统,人类与自然是主人与仆人之间的人格化经济关系,上帝同时创造了人类与自然,但在等级制度上,上帝高于人类,人类高于自然,人类应该根据上帝的授权合法统治掌控自然,以最大限度从经济学角度合理利用自然;天人合一自然观则将人类与自然融为一个生命生态自然统一体,认为人类应该尊重自然、敬畏自然、融入自然、服务自然、服从自然、统一于自然,人类与自然地位平等,不存在经济关系,没有任何利害冲突,高度和谐,永续发展;马克思主义自然观视自然为客观自在物质世界,人类思维为主观自为精神世界,主张人、自然、社会三者和而不同,有机联系,空间运动,时间变化,相互促进,协调发展。

Carolus Linnaeus, s ecological thoughts, ecological thoughts of ^Harmony between Man and Nature” and ecological thoughts of Marxism are all the great th in k e rs, understanding and interpretation of the relationship of man, nature and society. The three are different in the views of nature. In Linnaeus’s imperial nature view, nature is a mechanical economic system. The relationship between man and nature is the personification of economic relationship between master and servant. God created man and nature, but God is superior to man, and man is superior to nature, and therefore, man should legally control and exploit nature from an economic point of view with maximum limit in accordance with God’s authority. According to the ecological thoughts of “Harmony between Man and Nature”, man and nature, with the same status, constitute an ecological unity, in which man should submit to nature with reverence and awe. There is no economic relationship and conflicts between man and nature. With the harmonious relationship, man and nature should maintain sustainable development. Ecological thoughts of Marxism take nature as an objective material world and human mind as subjective spiritual world. Man, nature and society relate to one another. They develop with the changes of place and time to achieve the coordinated development.