影响尿液检验分析前质量的主要因素和相应解决对策

Main Influence Factors of Urine Quality before Test Analysis and Corresponding Solutions

目的探讨分析尿液检验分析前影响其质量的主要因素及针对这些因素的解决对策。方法随机抽取2015年4月—2016年3月间镇卫生院严格控制尿液样本质量后的尿液样本检查结果 2 000例,作为实验组;另随机抽取2014年4月—2015年3月间镇卫生院对尿液样本质量实行控制前的尿液样本检查结果 2 000例作为对照组。实验组采取的尿液样本质量控制措施主要为对申请单填写规范化;尿液样本的采集规范化;尿液样本的采集及送检规范化;样本的交接和退回规范化;对于不合格样本要分析其原因。结果由于样本污染因素、采集时间因素、样本的标记因素等产生的影响,使对照组的不合格样本数量明显高于实验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组样本每次尿液检验时间和实际接收尿液检验的次数进行对比分析,实验组均优于对照组,且两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过制定严格的尿液质量控制标准及所有参与工作人员对自己严格要求,坚决执行医院制定的各项质量控制标准,共同努力将尿液检验分析前质量控制在最佳状态,减少不合格率,达到提高临床检验的准确度的目的。

Objective To study and analyze the main influence factors of urine quality before test analysis and put forwards corresponding solutions. Methods 2000 cases of urine samples after the strict quality control in the town health center from April 2015 to March 2016 were randomly extracted as the experimental group, 2000 cases of urine samples before the strict quality control in the town health center from April 2014 to March 2015 were selected as the control group, and the main measures of urine sample quality control in the experimental group were standardizations of application form filling, urine sample collection and submitting for inspection and sample handover and return, and cause analysis of unqualified samples. Results The unqualified sample number in the control group was obviously higher than that in the experimental group due to the influences of sample pollution factor, collection time factor and sample marking factor, and the difference had statisti-cal significance（P〈0.05）, every urine test time and actual receiving frequency of urine test in the experimental group were better than those in the control group, and the differences between groups had statistical significance（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The hospital should make a strict urine quality control standard and all personnel should be strict with themselves and firm-ly carry out various quality control standards made by hospital, and both sides should make efforts to control the urine qual-ity before test analysis in an optimum state, reduce the unqualified rate and reach the goal of improving the clinical test ac-curacy.