《国家赔偿法》死亡赔偿金条款的合宪性分析

On Constitutionality of the Wrongful Death Clause of The State Liability Law

《国家赔偿法》第34条第1款第3项对死亡赔偿金作了规定。通说认为,较民法之人身损害赔偿,其更合乎平等原则的规定和精神,可更有效地保障公民生命安全、促进依法行政;在个人生命权受到侵害的情形下,可以给予其亲属或者被扶养人更充分、有效的救济。经由文义解释可发现,系争规定纵向和横向上均有违反平等原则的嫌疑,且在比例原则之禁止保护不足原则四阶审查下,虽经受住目的正当性原则和适当性原则的审查,但未必能经受住实效性原则和均衡性原则的审查,应予违宪无效。

Section 34（ 1） item 3 of The State Liability Law prescribed a wrongful death. Compared with the wrongful death clauses in civil law,it is usually held that the very section is more equal and effective in guaranteeing individual＇s right to life and promoting the rule of law; especially,in case where a wrongful death exists,it can offer a more sufficient and effective remedy to the victim＇s immediate relatives. However,it is found to violate the principle of equality vertically and horizontally in context of textual interpretation. Moreover,it is also found to violate the principle of proportionality,especially the principle of Untermassverbot.Though it may sustain the first two levels of review by the proportionality,it fails the last two levels,hereby it should be declared unconstitutional.