第三人侵权时安全保障义务的功能反思

Rethink the Function of Business Owners' Duty of Care on the Occasion of Third Party Torts

我国现行第三人侵权时的安全保障义务与责任规则制度设计上存在缺陷,司法机关又过分机械地适用了司法解释的规则,未能在适用中予以补救,带来了对受害人极为不利的后果。就目前的安全保障义务制度来讲,司法解释对安全保障义务和责任施加了诸多限制,其补偿功能和预防功能得不到实现。为此,安全保障责任适用条件应适当放宽,管理人承担责任的比例应当扩大。根本的问题在于立法和司法要平衡安全保障义务的功能追求和安全保障义务人的保护,过分地追求任何一个,都将带来不利的后果。

The rule of business owners＇ liability in the situation of third party＇s attack in Chinese Tort Liability Law is too much enforced in the judicial activity,which may cause more problems. The current institution of business owners＇ duty of care,which is restricted by the Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People＇s Court,cannot realize the function of compensation and prevention of tort law. For that reason,we should increase the probability and enlarge the proportion of business owners＇ liability. The law and court need to balance the tort law function and protection of business,and we should shift our friendship from business to victim of tort.