硬质合金激光超声辅助加工切削力特性

Research on Cutting Force Characteristics in Laser Heating and Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Machining of Tungsten Carbide

钨钴类硬质合金作为一种典型的难加工材料,具有良好的综合性能,在此类材料的加工中,采用传统的加工方式存在刀具极易磨损严重、加工精度低、效率低等缺点,难以满足实际生产的要求。文中将精密切削方法与特种加工理论相结合,提出了采用二维超声振动和激光加热复合辅助精密加工的方法。文中基于正交试验,对硬质合金激光超声辅助加工的切削力特性进行了研究,通过极差分析和趋势图分析,得到了切削用量和激光功率对切削力的影响规律和趋势,采用回归分析的方法 ,建立了三向切削力的经验模型,并对该模型进行显著性分析。研究表明:激光功率和背吃刀量对切削力有较显著的影响,而进给量和主切削速度对切削力的影响相对较小。随着激光功率的增加切削力逐渐降低,随着背吃刀量的增加切削力逐渐升高。运用回归分析方法获得的经验公式显著性强,为复合条件下切削力的控制提供有力的依据。

Tungsten carbide has excellent comprehensive performance as a kind of typical difficult - to - machine materials. Because of some shortcomings such as serious tool wear, low accuracy, low efficiency, etc. when processing of this kind of material, traditional methods are difficult to satisfy the requirement of practical production. In this study, the method of two dimensional ultrasonic vibration and laser heating assisted precision machining is proposed through combing the precise machining technology and the special processing theory. In this paper, the cutting force characteristics in laser heating and ultrasonic vibration assisted machining of tungsten carbide were studied based on orthogonal experiment. The influence rules and trends of cutting parameters and laser power on cutting forces were obtained through range analysis and trend diagram analysis, the empirical models of three - dimensional cutting force were established with the method of regression analysis, and the significance of the models was analyzed. The research results show that laser power and depth of cut have significant influence on the cutting force, and the influence of feed rate and main cutting speed on cutting force is relatively small. Cutting force decreases gradually with the increase of laser power, and increases gradually with the increase of depth of cut. The empirical formulas obtained by regression analysis method have a strong significance, which provides reliable evidence for the control of cutting force under composite conditions.