民法基本原则与调整对象立法研究

Review on 'Basic Principles'(Chapter 1) of General Principles of Civil Code

《民法总则草案》对民法基本原则的规定具有科学性,但其增设的"自觉维护交易安全"和"环境资源保护"两项基本原则均涉及公共利益保护,该两种利益的保护只能通过法律的强制性规范才能实现。交易安全保护不可能成为民事主体的行为规范,而环境资源保护则被公序良俗原则所包含,故这两者均不应成为民法的基本原则。《民法总则草案》在有关民法调整对象的规定中,将"非法人组织"纳入民事主体范围值得商榷,在立法表述中,改变民法调整的"财产关系"和"人身关系"的表述先后顺序,既没有根据,也没有必要。

The basic principles stipulated in General Principles of Civil Code(Draft) are of scientific nature.However,the additional two basic principles—'maintaining the transaction security' and 'environmental resource protection' are involved in public interests protection,and can only be achieved through the legal mandatory norms.' Maintaining the transaction security' can't be regarded as behavior standards of civil subjects,and ' environmental resource protection' is contained in the principle of public policy and good customs,so the two should not become the basic principles of civil law.It is a mistake for including ' unincorporated organization' into the civil subject in the provisions about civil law's sphere in General Principles of Civil Code(Draft).It is neither baseless nor necessary adjusting the expression order of 'property relationship' and 'personal relationship'.