论民法总则之民事责任规定

Review on 'Civil Liability'(Chapter 8) of General Principles of Civil Code

《民法总则草案》民事责任一章提取了违约责任、侵权责任的共同规则并可适用于其他民事责任,适当对《民法通则》相关规定进行取舍,增加了环境责任规定和对见义勇为者利益保护的规定。鉴于民事责任为民事法律关系之要素,该章应规定于民事权利之后和法律事实规定之前;应删除司法不能适用的纯教义学条款并对按份责任和连带责任条款作相应修改;应增加归责原则这一根本性规定;"恢复生态环境"应修改为"修复环境、恢复生态";责任竞合的前提应修改为"当事人一方的行为既构成违约、又构成侵权";应增加规定民事责任优先不限于同一行为引起的行政、刑事和民事责任。

'Civil Liability'(Chapter 8) of General Principles of Civil Code(draft) embodies civil law by force of the state to ensure the implementation of the legal attribute based on the command of the responsibility of breach of contract,tort liability and other civil liability for breach of obligation It also carries forward the characteristics of General Principles of Civil Law and reflects the progress of theoretical research.This chapter extracts the common rules from liability for breach of contract and tort liability and applies them to other civil liability,properly chooses the relevant provisions of the general principles of the civil law and absorbs the provision of environmental responsibility and the provisions of the protection of the interests of those courageous.In view of the civil legal relationship,this chapter should be stipulated before the provisions of civil rights and after legal facts;the pure doctrinal terms which are not applicable in judicial decisions should be deleted;the proportional liability and joint liability clauses should be amended;the fundamental principle of liability provisions should be supplemented;' the restoration of the ecological environment' should be amended to 'repair the environment and restore the ecology';the premise of concurrence of liability should be revised as 'a party's acts both constituting a breach of contract and infringement';the priority of civil liability should not be limited to administrative,criminal and civil liability caused by the same behavior.