我国海岸带湿地生态系统退化成因及其对策

Degradation of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in China: Drivers, Impacts, and Strategies

由于全球气候变化与人类活动影响,我国海岸带湿地已面临着严重的退化风险。文章通过对海岸带湿地退化多重因素,如海岸带围垦、城市化发展、海岸养殖、外来物种入侵、海岸侵蚀、环境污染及海平面上升等进行分析,探讨并提出适应我国海岸带地区发展特征的"与自然共建"湿地修复、湿地生态系统自然资本有效评估及补偿、湿地综合监测等应对策略,为实现我国海岸带地区科学和合理的可持续发展提供决策依据。

Coastal wetlands, which are located at the active interface between land, see, and atmosphere, are ubiquitous over the globe, and are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth. They comprise a vast array of ecosystem types, including intertidal saltmarshes, mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs. Due to their unique structures and processes, coastal wetlands provide a variety of ecosystem functions and services, and are of great ecological and environmental importance. China has a long coastline, and forms a numerous amount and a large variety of coastal wetland ecosystems. These ecosystems provide important resources and ecological security for coastal zones where societal development is extensively intensive. However, due to climate change and anthropogenic activity, coastal wetlands in China face alarmingly high risks of degradation. Therefore, in this article, we offer a comprehensive review of the main drives of coastal wetland degradation （e.g., coastal land reclamation, coastal engineering, urbanization, aquaculture, invasion of alien species, coastal erosion, pollution, and sea level rise） and have proposed certain strategies （e.g., building with nature, assessment of natural capital, and ecological compensation） that are suitable for the coastal development of our nation. These perspectives provide scientific basis for policy-making regarding sustainable development in coastal areas.