吉林省作物生长季极端气温时空变化特征

Temporal and Special Change Analysis of Extreme Temperature of the Crop Growth Period in Jilin Province

利用1961-2010年吉林省20个气象站点逐日最低、最高气温资料,选取与农作物生长较为密切的10个极端气温指标,系统分析了吉林省作物生长季内极端气温指标的时空变化特征。研究结果表明：吉林省作物生长季内极端温度指标均呈升高趋势,其中与日最低气温相关的极端温度指标升高更快。从1960年代到2000年代,LMin T、LMax T和DMin T〈0℃向5月上旬和9月下旬集中;HMin T向7月中旬到8月中旬集中;HMax T和DMax T〉35℃向6月和7月集中。LMin T、HMax T、HMin T和LMax T4个指标线性倾向率的空间变化趋势不明显,HMax T、HMin T和LMax T3个指标有2～3个站点线性倾向率小于0;除HHMin T出现范围缩小外,LLMin T、LLMax T和HHMax T出现范围都表现为扩大的趋势。所得结论可为明确吉林省作物生长季极端低温、高温灾害的发生时段和范围,从而进行极端灾害的防抗避减提供参考。

Based on the daily minimum and maximum temperature data of 20 observational stations in Jilin province during 1961 ～ 2000,we selected 10 extreme temperatures indices which were more closely with the crop growth and analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of extreme temperature indices within crop growth period. The main conclusions were listed as follows： extreme temperature indices within crop growth period were all showed increasing trends except DMin T〈 0,and the extreme temperature indices related with daily minimum temperature were faster. The occurrence frequency of LMin T,LMax T and DMin T〈 0 ℃ increased in early May and late September. The Occurrence frequency of HMin T increased during mid-July to mid-August,and the highest occurrence frequency of HMin T appeared in late July and early August. The Occurrence frequency of HMax T and DMax T 〉35 ℃ increased in June and July. The spatial changing trend of linear tendency rate of LMin T,HMax T,HMin T and LMax T were not obvious,there were 2- 3 stations of every indices,whose linear tendency rates were negative. The occurrence regions of LLMin T,LLMax T and HHMax T appeared to expand,the occurrence regions of HHMin T appeared to narrow. This study is important for clearing the changing situation of extreme temperature in Jilin province,which is helpful for the disaster defense of extreme temperature.