深圳市地面坍塌灾害分布特征分析

Analyzing the Distribution Characteristics of the Ground Collapse Hazard in Shenzhen

以深圳市地面坍塌灾害为研究对象,以事故现场调查、数据统计分析以及GIS中热点分析为研究方法,对灾害进行了有关时空分布和危害特征等方面的研究。研究结果表明,深圳市地面坍塌灾害主要由人类工程活动引起,其主要类型为工程塌陷;在时间分布上,各月都有发灾,汛期多于非汛期,尤其以4-8月为最,月面事故发灾数量与降雨量分布趋势基本一致;在空间分布上,事故各区都有发生,基本发生在建成区但整体分布不均,在福田区和罗湖区等老城区以及龙华新区等近年来城市开发活动剧烈的新城区分布密集,在详细位置上发生在人口活动密集的道路、住宅小区和商业街区上的事故占总数的86.8%,道路交叉口和人行道易发生地面坍塌事故;在危害特征上,地面坍塌事故中,深度小于5 m、面积在100 m2以内、体积在100 m3以下的占坍塌总数的98.5%,伤亡人数小于3人、威胁人数在10人以内、直接经济损失在10万元以下、潜在经济损失在100万以内的占坍塌总数的96.1%,深圳市地面坍塌灾害是一种城市灾害,虽然单起事故影响范围不广,但由于其多分布在人口高度集中的地区,因此危害程度依然不容小觑。

In recent years,the ground collapse disaster occurred frequently in Shenzhen,analyzing the current situation characteristics deeply have a great significance for the work of prevention and control of the disaster.This research conducts a study about the reason and distribution characteristics for the ground collapse disaster by applying the research methods which containing the accident scene investigation,data statistics analysis and the spatial analysis in GIS,and so on. The results of this research showed that,the ground collapse disaster in Shenzhen is caused by human engineering activities; the main type is human engineering collapse. The ground collapse accident in Shenzhen occurred 595 cases between 2013 and 2015 according to incomplete statistics,most of them distributed in the flood season,especially took for most from April to August,the number of the accidents is basically consistent with the distribution of rainfall per month. The ground collapse accident in Shenzhen occurred in the built-up area but overall uneven distribution,the local areas of the old section of Futian and Luohu and the new section of Longhua which the activities of urban development were violent in recent years have intensive distribution,mainly located in roads,residence communities,green belts,construction sites,industrial zones,enterprises or institutions,parks in the detailed positions,the proportion of the accidents which occurred in roads,residence communities and commercial street accidents accounted for 86. 8% in total,the road intersection and sidewalk happens the ground collapse accident easily. The ground collapse accidents in Shenzhen which depth less than 5m,area within 100 m^2 and volume below 100 m^3 accounted for 86. 8% in total,and casualty less than 3,number of threat within 10,direct economic losses below RMB 100000,and potential economic losses less than RMB 1000000 accounted for 96. 1% in total,therefore,the ground collapse disaster in Shenzhen is a kind of shallow urban disaster,the single accident impacts a narrow range,but due to most of them occurred in highly populated areas,so the degree damage degree still cannot be underestimated.