人力资本三维要素与城乡减贫成效差异——基于CHNS微观调查数据的实证研究

A Comparative Study on the Three-dimensional Elements of Human Capital for Anti-poverty between Rural and Urban China——Evidence from China Health and Nutrition Survey

利用中国健康和营养调查数据库（CHNS）截面数据,运用分位数回归方法,从收入增长和差距缩小双重视角研究了人力资本三维要素（健康、教育和工作经验）对中国农村与城镇居民贫困的影响及差异。结果发现：2000～2006年中国农村贫困发生率逐年降低,但中国城镇贫困发生率却在上升;基于收入增长的视角,健康、教育和工作经验的提高,都有利于农村、城镇居民增收,但不同要素的减贫成效存在差异;基于收入差距缩小的视角,教育和工作经验都有缩小农村贫困、非贫困居民之间收入差距的作用,但健康的系数差检验却不显著,而对于城镇居民,只有教育才具有缩小城镇贫困、非贫困居民之间收入差距的作用。

Using cross-section data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, this poper examines how some human cap- ital-health education and working experience differently affect the income level in rural and urban China and the income gap between individuals who live under and above the poverty line the method of quantile regression. It finds out that from 2000 to 2006 ,the poverty incidence in rural China has reduced continually, but the poverty incidence in urban China has risen constantly. For rural samples, education and working experience improvement not only increase individual income, but also reduce the income gap between two types of individuals. Health increases individual income, but has limited effects in re- ducing the income gap between two types of individuals. For urban samples, only education level improvement has simulta- neous effects of improving individual income and reducing the income gap.