摘除下部叶对不同肥力水平烤烟品质和经济效益的影响

Effects of Removing Low Fresh Leaves in Field on Quality and Economic Benefit of Flue-cured Tobacco in Low and High Fertility Field

为了明确重庆烟区高肥力和低肥力地块上下部不适用鲜烟叶优化数量,以云烟97为材料,研究打顶期摘除下部0片(CK)、2片(T1)、3片(T2)和4片(T3)烟叶后对烤烟外观品质、化学成分、香气物质、上等烟比例及经济性状等的影响。结果表明,低施氮地块中,烟叶外观质量以T3为最高、T2次之、CK最差;随摘除下部叶片数的增加,糖分、总氮、总植物碱和淀粉含量逐渐增加,钾离子含量逐渐减少;致香物质总量、产值、均价和上等烟比例均以T3最高。高施氮地块中,烟叶的外观质量以T1最好、T3最差;烟叶糖分、钾离子和淀粉含量与摘除叶片数呈负相关关系,总氮和总植物碱含量与摘除叶片数呈正相关关系;T1处理烟叶的致香物质总量、产量、产值和上等烟比例最高。因此,综合分析外观品质、化学成分、香气物质、等级结构和经济效益等因素认为,在重庆武隆生态条件下处理下部不适用烟叶时,低肥力土壤上以摘除4片叶为宜,高肥力土壤上以摘除2片叶为佳。

The objectives of this study were to investigate the number of removing low fresh leaf at high and low fertility levels field. A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of four treatments —— removing 0（ CK）,2（ T1）,3（ T2）,4（ T3） fresh leaves in lower part of the tobacco plant- on the appearance quality,chemical component,aroma composition,hierarchical structure and economic benefits of‘Yunyan 97＇flue-cured tobacco in Wulong of Chongqing. The results showed that with increasing number of removed fresh leaf,in the low fertility land,the contents of sugar,total nitrogen,nicotine and starch increased while K＋content decreased. The highest improvement for appearance quality was in T3 treatment,followed by T2 and the lowest was in CK. The content of total aroma composition,output value,average price and ratio of higher grade tobacco were the highest in T3 treatment. For the high fertility land,the appearance quality of T1 treatment was best,and the worst was in T3 treatment. There were negative correlation between the content of sugar,K＋,starch and the number of removed fresh leaf,and positive correlation between the content of nicotine,total nitrogen and the number of removed fresh leaf.The highest content of aroma composition,yield,output value and ratio of higher grade tobacco were in T3 treatment. Therefore,the measurements of appearance quality,chemical components,aroma composition,hierarchical structure and economic benefits,showed that the optimal number of lower leaves removed should be two on the high fertility soil and four on the low fertility soil under the corresponding ecological environment.