贵州富硫高砷煤矿区苔藓及土壤典型金属的分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Typical Heavy Metals in Bryophyte and Soil from Rich Sulphur and High Arsenic Coal Mining Area in Guizhou

为探明苔藓植物对矿区的生态修复潜力,选择国内典型的砷高背景区（贵州省黔西南州）煤矿矿区废弃地周边受污染溪流滨岸的苔藓植物为研究对象,通过对苔藓、腐殖层土和底层土中As、Mn、Cu、Zn、Fe、Al等6种典型金属（类金属）元素含量的分析,探讨耐性植物对有害组分的富集特征。结果表明：受污染溪流滨岸苔藓体内明显富集典型金属,对照（清洁区）区域苔藓As、Cu和Fe含量分别为1.89 mg/kg、1.03 mg/kg和1.43 g/kg,污染区苔藓As、Cu、Fe含量分别是对照的178.54-300.89、12.56-17.42和17.83-29.82倍,3者在污染区含量极显著高于对照区;污染区苔藓Zn、Mn、Al含量分别为42.54-52.05 mg/kg、60.52-74.81mg/kg和2.60-3.97 g/kg,显著高于对照区。相对于底层土,腐殖层土对As、Fe、Al和Mn具有较高富集能力,对Cu、Zn富集作用不明显。相关性分析显示,苔藓植物体内的Fe-As和Cu-As存在显著正相关关系,Mn-Zn存在极显著正相关关系。

In order to explore the ecological remediation potential of bryophyte in mining area,taking bryophyte near polluted stream around the abandoned mining area in Qianxinan Prefecture as the research object,which was a typical background region with high As content in China,the accumulation characteristics of plants tolerant to harmful constituents through analyzing contents of As,Mn,Cu,Zn,Fe and Al in bryophyte,humus layer and underearth soil. Results： Bryophyte significantly accumulated typical heavy metals,the heavy metals As,Cu,Fe in bryophyte in clean area was respectively 1. 89 mg/kg,1. 03 mg/kg and 1. 43 g/kg,while that in bryophyte near polluted stream were higher obviously,which was 178. 54- 300. 89,12. 56- 17. 42,17. 83- 29. 82 times as compared area. Meanwhile,the content of Zn,Mn,Al was 42. 54- 52. 05 mg/kg,60. 52- 74. 81 mg/kg,2. 60- 3. 97 g/kg,respectively. Humus layer soil had higher enrichment capability of As,Fe,Al,Mn,compared with the underearth. The bryophyte in coal area had enrichment capability of Mn,Zn,but it refused to absorb As,Cu,Fe,Al. The correlation analysis indicated that Fe-As,Cu-Zn showed significant positive correlation（ P〈0. 05）,Mn-Zn showed highly significant positive correlation（ P〈0. 01）.