图们江黑龙江中杜父鱼生物学初步研究

Biological Characteristics of Mesocottus haitej Dybowski from Tumen River

于2012年和2013年的5~6月间,调查研究采自图们江支流三道沟的黑龙江中杜父鱼Mesocottus haitej Dybowski的生物学特性。结果表明:该鱼全长L与体质量W的关系式为W=3×10^(-6)L^(3.3408),雌鱼最小性成熟年龄为1^+龄,其全长和体质量分别为69.96mm和5.82g。对53尾性成熟雌性个体的统计表明,黑龙江中杜父鱼1^+龄成熟系数平均为(26.23±5.57)%,个体绝对繁殖力(F)平均为(230±85)粒/尾,个体相对繁殖力(F_L和F_W)平均分别为(2.66±1.13)粒/mm和(40.37±10.11)粒/g;2^+龄成熟系数平均为(37.80±5.69)%,F平均为(530±98)粒,F_L平均为(4.58±0.70)粒/mm,F_W平均为(34.51±4.15)粒/g。3^+龄成熟系数平均为27.75%,F平均为759粒/尾,F_L为6.09粒/mm,F_W平均为33.20粒/g。对84尾样本解剖发现,黑龙江中杜父鱼的摄食率为44.05%,充塞度为1~5级的标本尾数分别占总标本数的40.54%、35.14%、10.81%、5.41%和8.11%。食物组成分析显示:食物均为底栖动物,出现频次(F%)、个数百分比(N%)、重量百分比(W%)、出现频次百分比(G%)、相对重要性指数(IRI)和综合指标优势指数(I_p)中,排在前两位的均是Ameletus costalis和钩虾Gammarus sp.。

The biological characters were studied in bullhead Mesocottus haitej Dybowski collected from the branch of Tumen River from May to June in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that the relationship between total length and body weight was described as W=3×10-（-6）L-（3.3408）. The females with total length of 69.96 mm and body weight of 5.82 g were found to be at first maturity as early as 1-＋year old age. The data of 53 female individuals showed that 1-＋year old bullhead had gonado-somatic index（GSI）of（26.23±5.57）%,average absolute fecundity（F）of（230±85）eggs per individual, average relative fecundity（F_L）of（2.66±1.13）eggs/mm and relative fecundity（F_W）of（40.37±10.11）eggs/g. The 2-＋ year old bullhead had GSI of（37.80±5.69）%, F of（530±98）eggs per individual, F_L of（4.58±0.70）eggs/mm and F_W of（40.37±10.11）eggs/g. The 3-＋ year old bullhead had GSI of 27.75%, F of 759 eggs per individual, FLof 6.09 eggs/mm and F_W of 33.20 eggs/g. Anatomical analysis of 84 samples revealed that the bullhead had food ingestion rate of 44.05%, and that 40.54% of the samples had food fullness degree 1, 35.14% food fullness degree 2, 10.81% food fullness degree 3, 5.41% food fullness degree 4, and 8.11% food fullness degree 5. Food item analysis indicated that zoobenthos were the food of the bullhead, Ameletus costalis and Gammarus sp. being the top two items in frequency（F%）, percentage of number（N%）, percentage of weight（W%）, prevalence（G%）, relative importance index（IRI）and index of comprehensive dominance index（I_p）.