蔡元培与林风眠中西调和论及其历史文化语境

Cai Yuanpei and Lin Fengmian's Discourse of Reconciling between Chinese and Western Culture and Art and its Historical and Cultural Context

文章通过对特定时期文化史料的梳理考辨,以及相关艺术理论的比较探析,旨在客观地揭示林风眠中西艺术调和论对于中国艺术史的贡献及其历史局限性。五四新文化运动中,东西方文化之异同以及能否调和,成为持久论战的问题焦点。"一战"的发生与战后西方世界的自省,促使和加强了中国学人对西方文明的反思;同时西方世界对东方文化的关注,亦激励了中国学人重新认识本土文化的价值。中西文化调和论正是在这样的文化语境中产生和发展的。而倡导"以美育代宗教"的蔡元培,也是推崇中西文化调和并首倡中西艺术调和的关键人物。留法期间就因兼涉中西绘画而初试创造力锋芒的林风眠,得到了蔡元培的高度赏识。在先后主政北平与杭州国立艺专期间,林风眠有赖其艺术史和美学的深刻认知,以及对西方现代艺术和中国艺术大传统的敏锐洞察力,坚持推进中西艺术调和论。并在深入阐发调和论而建构的中西艺术优势互补论与情感—理智平衡论之间,引入了双向推理的逻辑关系。进而指导艺术教育实践,由此促成了林风眠学派及其"再东方化"的艺术进程,造就了一番跨文化的艺术事业。

During the May Fourth Culture Movement, there was a fierce and lasting debate on the Eastern and Western cultures＇ different attributes and whether these two cultures can be reconciled. The destruction and catastrophic loss of life during World War I and West intellectuals＇ introspection on their own culture after war prompted and intensified Chinese intellectuals＇ reflections on Western civilization. The theory of harmonizing Eastern and Western cultures was generated and developed under such cultural circumstance, and CaiYuanpei, who claimed ＂ replacing religion with aesthetic education＂ , was a key figure that bridged the synthesis of Eastern and Western cultures and the synthesis of Eastern and Western art. Lin Fengmian, who studied art in France at that time and showed great creativity on both his oil painting and Chinese painting, deeply impressed CaiYuanpei. During his presidency of National Peking Art Acad- emy and National Hangzhou Arts Academy, Lin Fengmian inherited and enriched Cai Yuanpei＇s theory; through the ideas of harmonizing Eastern and Western art and balancing emotion and reason, Lin built a two - way interactive logi- cal relationship and fulfilled it on art education. By all these efforts, Lin promoted Lin Fenmian School~ re -oriental- ization art process, achieved a great cross -culture artistic career.