基于足底压力和表面肌电测量技术的制造企业工作鞋鞋垫评价研究

The Study on Work Shoes Insoles Based on Plantar Pressure and Surface Electromyography

目的探索制造企业工作鞋鞋垫舒适性的评价方法,挑选出符合人体足部生物力学和舒适性要求的鞋垫。方法以某制造企业拟采用的三种典型的工作鞋垫为研究对象,选择10名被试进行站姿装配作业,通过足底压力测试系统、表面肌电测试技术、主观调查等三种方法,测试作业人员使用不同鞋垫时的足底压力和表面肌电等指标水平。其中,足底压力测试系统主要测量了作业者足部与工作鞋鞋垫的接触面积、峰值压强、压强-时间积分三个指标,用来评估足底压力;表面肌电技术测量了人体肌电信号,采用中值频率(MF)、平均功率频率(MPF)指标来评估作业者的肌肉疲劳状况,同时结合主观评价量表,综合评价鞋垫的舒适性。结果有无鞋垫对作业者疲劳状况的影响很大;工作鞋鞋垫能够很好地平衡足底压力,尤其是足弓部的优良设计,能够增加中足的接触面积,分散前掌和脚跟的足底压力。鞋垫的舒适性受到鞋垫材料、硬度、厚度和构造的影响。数据分析结果显示,1号鞋垫在各个指标都具有明显的优势,使其相较于其他鞋垫能够更好地满足人体的舒适性体验,更不易感到疲劳;结论选用的各测量指标的评价基本一致,能够有效的区分三种不同鞋垫的舒适性。经过多方面评价,鞋垫舒适性排名为:1号鞋垫>2号鞋垫>3号鞋垫。

Objective The purpose of this study was to find out the better evaluation method of work - shoe in- soles used in manufacturing enterprises and choose the most comfortable insoles. Methods In this study, ten testees completed the simulation of a standing assembly task to evaluate the comfort of three work shoes insoles. During the task, the contact area, peak pressure and pressure - time integral value of plantar pressure were recorded. The sur- face electromyography of erector spinae was collected. And the feeling of fatigue was measured by Borg＇ s RPE scale. Results The results showed that wearing insoles could improve the fatigue of people. Insole could balance the plan- tar pressure; especially the good design of arch could increase the contact area of the foot, distributing plantar pres- sure of the forefoot and heel. The comfort of insoles could be influenced by hardness, thickness and construction of raw material. The number one insoles had obviously most advantages, and it was the best one to satisfy the comforta- ble experience of participators and relieve fatigue symptoms among those three types of insoles. Conclusions The measured data of different aspects could be used effectively to evaluate the comfort of insoles, which showed approxi- mately the same trend in this study. After a comprehensive analysis and evaluation, the comfort level of three insoles ranked as： No. 1 〉 No2 〉 No 3.