突发环境事件应对立法问题研究

On the Legislation of Environmental Disasters

当前,我国严峻的环境安全形势尚未得到根本扭转,突发环境事件应对的法制不完善问题尤为突出,主要表现为政府和有关部门法定职责不清、环境风险控制要求缺乏法律依据、突发环境事件应急准备制度存在空白、应急处置程序和要求亟待完善、突发环境事件事后恢复制度不健全等。为此,有必要开展突发环境事件应对立法。这部立法属于行政法规,应当强调可操作性,注意与其他法律法规互为补充,主要包括总则、环境风险控制、应急准备、应急处置、事后恢复、法律责任、附则等部分内容。突发环境事件应对立法应当重点规定突发环境事件应对义务和职责制度、环境风险评估制度、环境安全隐患排查治理制度、环境应急预案管理制度、环境风险预警制度、突发环境事件信息报告制度、突发环境事件应急处置制度、事件调查和责任追究制度、事件环境损害评估制度、环境损害分担和执行制度。

So far,there are no fundamental changes in China＇s environmental security,with the faulty legislation on the environmental disasters standing out in particular.The problems in this area are：there are no clearly defined responsibilities on the part of governments and relevant departments,there is no legal basis in environmental risk control,there is no reaction system to environmental disasters,the reaction procedures and demands in environmental disasters are faulty,and there is no sound system of restoration after disasters.Therefore,it is necessary to start the legislation in the field.It is administrative legislation and should be operable.It also needs to be complementary to other laws and regulations.The main content should include general provisions,environmental risk control,emergency preparedness,emergency response,afterwards restoration,legal responsibility,supplementary provisions,etc.It should define the systems of obligations and responsibilities to the environmental emergencies,environmental risk evaluation system,environmental risk investigation and management system,environmental contingency plan management system,environmental risk warning system,environmental emergency reporting system,environmental emergency disposal system,incident investigation system,accountability system,environmental damage assessment system,and environmental damage responsibilities sharing and enforcement system.