从中国古代小说看黑格尔的悲剧论——从《水浒传》的悲剧说开

Review on Hegel's Tragedy Theory in the Ancient Chinese Novels——Based on The Water Margin

黑格尔认为悲剧的本质是矛盾冲突,造成冲突的根源是具有一定片面性的道德力量或伦理力量,即伦理冲突悲剧观。《水浒传》讲述的是北宋农民起义的忠义伦理悲剧,其悲剧成因和悲剧效果可以说是与黑格尔的悲剧论不谋而合的。不论是悲剧的产生和解决,还是在悲剧冲突的三种情境中,《水浒传》无疑都与黑格尔的悲剧论相得益彰。《水浒传》从瘟疫、个人悲剧命运到忠与义的矛盾冲突都充分体现了黑格尔悲剧冲突说的三种情境。文章将从中国古代小说蕴含的伦理冲突悲剧精神说开,来体会黑格尔的矛盾冲突悲剧论。

In Hegel＇s opinion, the essential of tragedy is a kind of conflict. The root of the conflict is a onesided moral or ethical strength. The Water Margin is an ethical tragedy that concerned about the loyalty of the Northern Song Dynasty＇s peasant uprising. It can be said that the causes of the tragedy and the tragic effects coincide with Hegel＇s. Whether in the birth and settlement of tragedy or in the three situations of tragic conflicts,the Water Margin and the Hagel＇s tragic theory undoubtedly bring out the best in each other. The Water Margin fully embodied three kinds situation in Hagel＇s tragic conflict from the plague, the personal tragedy to the conflict between loyalty and righteousness. From the tragic spirit of ethical conflicts in Chinese ancient novels, this article will explain Hegel＇s tragedy conflict theory.