佛教“理事圆融”与理学“理一分殊”对比研究

A Comparative Study of Buddhist “Harmony Governing” and Neo-confucianism “Li Yi Fen Shu”

在西方哲人的眼中,形而上的"理"与形而下的"事"是对立为二的。在此二元对立理论指导下,人们所悬挂的价值理想,不能够启发生命本身的力量,去达成理想的实现,从而引发许多难以解决的社会问题。然而东方佛教华严宗的"理事圆融"以及理学的"理一分殊"都用各自的理论证明了,理融于事,事包含着理,理事之间不可分割,无需对立。由此,解开了人们的思维的死结,使现实与信仰的结合成为了可以为之努力的方向,从而大大提高人们在现实生活中的活力。值得关注的是,拥有同样理事关系的理学与华严依然存在分歧,具体表现为,理学在理事兼顾的前提下更加注重事事之间的分殊,而华严则注重理事之间的圆融无碍。如何将二者理论进一步融合在一起,并使之恰当地运用于当今社会,是今人还必须认真继续探究的重要课题。

In the eyes of western philosophers, the metaphysical ＂theory＂ and the physical ＂things＂ are two opposite concepts. In the guidance of the theory of binary opposition, the value ideal can not en- lighten the power of life itself or realize the ideal, so as to cause many difficult social problems. Howev- er, the east Buddhism Huayan School＇ s ＂harmony＂ and ＂Li Yi Fen Shu＂ of Neo-confucianism in their respective theory prove that theory can be combined with things, while things contain theory, so that the two can not be seperated, not to say setting them opposite. Thus, it unties the knot of people＇ s thinking, making the combination of reality and beliefs a direction for people＇ s effort, which greatly improves people＇ s vitality in real life. What is notable is that Neo-confucianism and Huayan School still disagree in certain aspects, for example Neo-confucianism gives more attention to differences be- tween two things, while Huayan School pays more attention to the harmony between them. How to blend the two theories further and make them properly used in today＇ s society, is an important topic at present, which is to be explored carefully.