清代洪门文化研究的几个侧面--以乾隆末年至咸同年间洪门会簿为中心

On the Culture of Qing's Hung League Centered on the Internal Books of Hung League from Qianlong to Tongzhi Period

洪门是清代以来存在于我国南方各省的秘密社会组织。从现存的洪门会簿来看,洪门的原始宗旨为"反清复明",且一直被保留,但其内涵在后期有所变化。洪门一贯坚持的"忠义"价值观,与根深蒂固的皇权主义思想和洪门成员的社会构成有关。洪门拥有的茶碗阵、隐语、誓词等文化媒介,经历了由简单到丰富的发展过程,反映出洪门借用宗教形式发展组织的特点。从内容上看,这些文化媒介反映出洪门深受民间文化等的影响,并不脱离主流社会。洪门的"变"与"不变"折射出洪门文化的复杂性。

Hung League, also known as Heaven and Earth Society, was a secret social organization in the southern provinces of our country from the Qing dynasty. According to the internal books of Hung League kept until now,its original tenet was ＂rebelling Qing dynasty and rebuilding Ming dynasty＂ ,which had always been reserved. However, its connotation changed in the later stage. Hung League always insisted on loyalty. This was related to deep-rooted imperial ideology and the class formation of Hung League members. It owned cultural medium like the bowl array, enigmatic language, oath, and so on. They went through a process from simple to rich, which reflects its fea- ture that Hung League used religious form to develop its organization. In contents, these cultural media reflected that folk culture and other cultures had an influence on Hung League. So Hung League did not break itself away from mainstream society. In a word, the variability and invariability reflect the complexity of the culture of Hung League.