普实克论中国现代小说的叙事者及其功能

Study of Jaroslav Pr??ek'S View on Narrators and their Functions in Modern Chinese Novels

普实克运用结构主义叙事学理论成果,对中国现代小说的叙事者及其功能进行分析,并在与中国古典小说叙事者功能的对比中,展示中国文学从古典向现代的转变过程。在主观主义及个人主义思潮下,中国现代小说的叙事者及叙事视角从中国古典小说的说书人全知视角向第一人称叙事及限知视角转变。第一人称叙事者的功能从串联社会生活变为叙述自我主体,叙事者开始成为小说的表现对象。并且,中国现代小说作家通过"不可靠叙事"使叙事者与作者或隐含作者的价值判断相疏离,改变了文学革命之前叙事者多与作者或隐含作者的价值判断相重合的状况,体现出叙事手法的多样性。另外,通过典型性处理,第一人称限知叙事在现代作家笔下具有更为深广的象征意义,利于反映更广阔的社会生活。

Pr uSek analyzed narrators and their functions in ism narrative theory, showing the conversion process from modem Chinese novels with the structuralclassical literature to modem literature in contrast with the the narrator functions in the classical Chinese novels. In the subjectivism and individualism trend, the narrator and narrative perspective of modem Chinese novels transform from storyteller perspective in Chinese classical novels to first-person narrative and limited knowledge perspective. The function of first-person narrator transforms from showing social life to expressing self-subject. The narrator has become the performance of the object of the novel. Modem Chinese novel writers alienate the relative value judgment of the narrator and the author（ or the implied author） by using unreliable narration. The first-person limited narration has a more broad and deep symbolic signifi cance in the modem writers＇ novels through typicalness, which is more effective to reflect the broad social life.